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Singapore to Felixstowe freight CO2 emissions
One tonne of cargo shipped Singapore (SGSIN) to Felixstowe (GBFXT) by sea emits 120.8 kg CO2e well-to-wake at GLEC v3.2 default factors. The same tonne by air emits 6,590.7 kg — roughly 55x the sea number.
Lane noteAlternate UK gateway when Rotterdam transshipment is overflowing — vessels transit Suez and the Strait of Gibraltar before North Sea approach. Post-2023 Red Sea diversions push most calls around the Cape of Good Hope, adding ~3,500 nm per loop.
Per-tonne CO2e by mode
Sea freight
Container ship 8,000+ TEU
- Distance
- 16,100 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 7.5 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 16,100 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 container 8,000-15,000 TEU (Post-Panamax, WTW)
Air freight
Long-haul belly cargo
- Distance
- 10,840 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 608 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 10,840 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 long-haul belly cargo allocation (WTW)
Mode comparison
On the Singapore to Felixstowe lane, air freight emits about 55 times more CO2e per tonne than sea freight at GLEC v3.2 defaults. The gap is driven by the WTW factor difference between long-haul belly cargo (608 g CO2e/tkm) and a Container ship 8,000+ TEU (7.5 g CO2e/tkm), partly offset by the shorter great-circle air routing.
Try this in the calculator
These numbers are GLEC v3.2 defaults at 1 tonne. Change weight, vessel class, or load factor in the calculator and see the per-mode CO2e update under ISO 14083:2023 data quality tiers.
Methodology references
- Methodology — GLEC v3.2 emission factors and ISO 14083 data quality tiers
- GLEC v3.2 in practice — three worked emission calculations
- Per-class container ship CO2 factors by TEU range
- What changed in GLEC v3.2 vs v3.0 and v3.1
- Glossary — WTW vs TTW vs WTT, ISO 14083 data quality tier definitions
- The 2026 State of Freight Emissions Report
- All trade-lane CO2 pages