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Shanghai to Los Angeles freight CO2 emissions
One tonne of cargo shipped Shanghai (CNSHA) to Los Angeles (USLAX) by sea emits 63.3 kg CO2e well-to-wake at GLEC v3.2 default factors. The same tonne by air emits 6,323.2 kg — roughly 100x the sea number.
Lane noteTrans-Pacific Eastbound — the single highest-volume container lane in the world by TEU. Vessels typically run at 14-16 knots eco-speed; a knot less saves ~7% bunker per voyage.
Per-tonne CO2e by mode
Sea freight
Container ship 12,000-15,000 TEU
- Distance
- 11,500 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 5.5 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 11,500 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 container 12,000-15,000 TEU (Neopanamax, WTW)
Air freight
Long-haul belly cargo
- Distance
- 10,400 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 608 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 10,400 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 long-haul belly cargo allocation (WTW)
Mode comparison
On the Shanghai to Los Angeles lane, air freight emits about 100 times more CO2e per tonne than sea freight at GLEC v3.2 defaults. The gap is driven by the WTW factor difference between long-haul belly cargo (608 g CO2e/tkm) and a Container ship 12,000-15,000 TEU (5.5 g CO2e/tkm), partly offset by the shorter great-circle air routing.
Try this in the calculator
These numbers are GLEC v3.2 defaults at 1 tonne. Change weight, vessel class, or load factor in the calculator and see the per-mode CO2e update under ISO 14083:2023 data quality tiers.
Methodology references
- Methodology — GLEC v3.2 emission factors and ISO 14083 data quality tiers
- GLEC v3.2 in practice — three worked emission calculations
- Per-class container ship CO2 factors by TEU range
- What changed in GLEC v3.2 vs v3.0 and v3.1
- Glossary — WTW vs TTW vs WTT, ISO 14083 data quality tier definitions
- The 2026 State of Freight Emissions Report
- All trade-lane CO2 pages