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New York to Houston freight CO2 emissions
One tonne of cargo shipped New York (USNYC) to Houston (USHOU) by sea emits 24.8 kg CO2e well-to-wake at GLEC v3.2 default factors. The same tonne by air emits 1,938 kg — roughly 78x the sea number.
Lane noteUS East Coast to Gulf Coast short-sea — routing via the Florida Straits, 6-7 day sailings. Road and rail are dominant for time-sensitive cargo at ~2,600 km overland; sea wins for project cargo and bulk petrochemicals.
Per-tonne CO2e by mode
Sea freight
Container ship 3,000-8,000 TEU
- Distance
- 3,300 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 7.5 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 3,300 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 container 8,000-15,000 TEU (Post-Panamax, WTW)
Road freight
40t articulated truck, diesel
- Distance
- 2,620 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 62 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 2,620 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 articulated heavy truck, diesel, 60% load factor (WTW)
Rail freight
Mixed-traction intermodal rail
- Distance
- 2,780 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 28 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 2,780 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 mixed-traction intermodal rail (WTW)
Air freight
Short-haul belly cargo
- Distance
- 2,280 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 850 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 2,280 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 short-haul belly cargo (WTW)
Mode comparison
On the New York to Houston lane, air freight emits about 78 times more CO2e per tonne than sea freight at GLEC v3.2 defaults. The gap is driven by the WTW factor difference between long-haul belly cargo (850 g CO2e/tkm) and a Container ship 3,000-8,000 TEU (7.5 g CO2e/tkm), partly offset by the shorter great-circle air routing.
Where rail is viable on this lane, it sits between sea and road — see the per-mode card above for the exact split.
Try this in the calculator
These numbers are GLEC v3.2 defaults at 1 tonne. Change weight, vessel class, or load factor in the calculator and see the per-mode CO2e update under ISO 14083:2023 data quality tiers.
Methodology references
- Methodology — GLEC v3.2 emission factors and ISO 14083 data quality tiers
- GLEC v3.2 in practice — three worked emission calculations
- Per-class container ship CO2 factors by TEU range
- What changed in GLEC v3.2 vs v3.0 and v3.1
- Glossary — WTW vs TTW vs WTT, ISO 14083 data quality tier definitions
- The 2026 State of Freight Emissions Report
- All trade-lane CO2 pages