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Mumbai to Dubai freight CO2 emissions
One tonne of cargo shipped Mumbai (INNSA) to Dubai (AEJEA) by sea emits 14.3 kg CO2e well-to-wake at GLEC v3.2 default factors. The same tonne by air emits 1,640.5 kg — roughly 115x the sea number.
Lane noteArabian Sea crossing — 4-5 day sailings across one of the densest sub-regional trade lanes. Indian textile, jewellery, and food exports dominate the eastbound leg; the corridor is also a major air-freight corridor on the Mumbai-Dubai shuttle pattern.
Per-tonne CO2e by mode
Sea freight
Container ship 3,000-8,000 TEU
- Distance
- 1,900 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 7.5 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 1,900 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 container 8,000-15,000 TEU (Post-Panamax, WTW)
Air freight
Short-haul belly cargo
- Distance
- 1,930 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 850 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 1,930 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 short-haul belly cargo (WTW)
Mode comparison
On the Mumbai to Dubai lane, air freight emits about 115 times more CO2e per tonne than sea freight at GLEC v3.2 defaults. The gap is driven by the WTW factor difference between long-haul belly cargo (850 g CO2e/tkm) and a Container ship 3,000-8,000 TEU (7.5 g CO2e/tkm), partly offset by the shorter great-circle air routing.
Try this in the calculator
These numbers are GLEC v3.2 defaults at 1 tonne. Change weight, vessel class, or load factor in the calculator and see the per-mode CO2e update under ISO 14083:2023 data quality tiers.
Methodology references
- Methodology — GLEC v3.2 emission factors and ISO 14083 data quality tiers
- GLEC v3.2 in practice — three worked emission calculations
- Per-class container ship CO2 factors by TEU range
- What changed in GLEC v3.2 vs v3.0 and v3.1
- Glossary — WTW vs TTW vs WTT, ISO 14083 data quality tier definitions
- The 2026 State of Freight Emissions Report
- All trade-lane CO2 pages