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Los Angeles to Vancouver freight CO2 emissions
One tonne of cargo shipped Los Angeles (USLAX) to Vancouver (CAVAN) by sea emits 16.1 kg CO2e well-to-wake at GLEC v3.2 default factors. The same tonne by air emits 1,479 kg — roughly 92x the sea number.
Lane noteShort-sea Pacific coast feeder — 3-4 day sailings hugging the North American west coast. Road and rail are real competitors at ~2,300 km; CN and BNSF intermodal services capture significant tonnage between the two port complexes.
Per-tonne CO2e by mode
Sea freight
Container ship 3,000-8,000 TEU
- Distance
- 2,150 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 7.5 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 2,150 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 container 8,000-15,000 TEU (Post-Panamax, WTW)
Road freight
40t articulated truck, diesel
- Distance
- 2,280 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 62 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 2,280 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 articulated heavy truck, diesel, 60% load factor (WTW)
Rail freight
Mixed-traction intermodal rail
- Distance
- 2,400 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 28 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 2,400 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 mixed-traction intermodal rail (WTW)
Air freight
Short-haul belly cargo
- Distance
- 1,740 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 850 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 1,740 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 short-haul belly cargo (WTW)
Mode comparison
On the Los Angeles to Vancouver lane, air freight emits about 92 times more CO2e per tonne than sea freight at GLEC v3.2 defaults. The gap is driven by the WTW factor difference between long-haul belly cargo (850 g CO2e/tkm) and a Container ship 3,000-8,000 TEU (7.5 g CO2e/tkm), partly offset by the shorter great-circle air routing.
Where rail is viable on this lane, it sits between sea and road — see the per-mode card above for the exact split.
Try this in the calculator
These numbers are GLEC v3.2 defaults at 1 tonne. Change weight, vessel class, or load factor in the calculator and see the per-mode CO2e update under ISO 14083:2023 data quality tiers.
Methodology references
- Methodology — GLEC v3.2 emission factors and ISO 14083 data quality tiers
- GLEC v3.2 in practice — three worked emission calculations
- Per-class container ship CO2 factors by TEU range
- What changed in GLEC v3.2 vs v3.0 and v3.1
- Glossary — WTW vs TTW vs WTT, ISO 14083 data quality tier definitions
- The 2026 State of Freight Emissions Report
- All trade-lane CO2 pages