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Hamburg to Casablanca freight CO2 emissions
One tonne of cargo shipped Hamburg (DEHAM) to Casablanca (MACAS) by sea emits 27.8 kg CO2e well-to-wake at GLEC v3.2 default factors. The same tonne by air emits 2,031.5 kg — roughly 73x the sea number.
Lane noteEurope-North Africa via Bay of Biscay and Strait of Gibraltar — 5-6 day sailings. Casablanca handles the bulk of Moroccan containerised trade alongside Tanger Med; Renault Tangier exports flow on the backhaul to European factories.
Per-tonne CO2e by mode
Sea freight
Container ship 3,000-8,000 TEU
- Distance
- 3,700 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 7.5 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 3,700 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 container 8,000-15,000 TEU (Post-Panamax, WTW)
Air freight
Short-haul belly cargo
- Distance
- 2,390 km
- Factor (WTW)
- 850 g CO2e/tkm
- Per shipment
- 1 t × 2,390 km
- Factor source
- GLEC v3.2 short-haul belly cargo (WTW)
Mode comparison
On the Hamburg to Casablanca lane, air freight emits about 73 times more CO2e per tonne than sea freight at GLEC v3.2 defaults. The gap is driven by the WTW factor difference between long-haul belly cargo (850 g CO2e/tkm) and a Container ship 3,000-8,000 TEU (7.5 g CO2e/tkm), partly offset by the shorter great-circle air routing.
Try this in the calculator
These numbers are GLEC v3.2 defaults at 1 tonne. Change weight, vessel class, or load factor in the calculator and see the per-mode CO2e update under ISO 14083:2023 data quality tiers.
Methodology references
- Methodology — GLEC v3.2 emission factors and ISO 14083 data quality tiers
- GLEC v3.2 in practice — three worked emission calculations
- Per-class container ship CO2 factors by TEU range
- What changed in GLEC v3.2 vs v3.0 and v3.1
- Glossary — WTW vs TTW vs WTT, ISO 14083 data quality tier definitions
- The 2026 State of Freight Emissions Report
- All trade-lane CO2 pages