{
  "version": "GLEC Framework v3.2 default factors",
  "publisher": "EcoFreight",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "dateModified": "2026-05-23",
  "source": "Smart Freight Centre GLEC Framework v3.2 (Oct 2025 edition)",
  "factors": [
    {
      "mode": "air",
      "vehicle_class": "air_belly_long_haul",
      "fuel_type": "jet_fuel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 608,
      "ttw_factor": 495,
      "wtt_factor": 113,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": ">4000 km belly",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §8.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "air",
      "vehicle_class": "air_belly_short_haul",
      "fuel_type": "jet_fuel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 830,
      "ttw_factor": 675,
      "wtt_factor": 155,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "<1500 km belly",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §8.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "air",
      "vehicle_class": "air_dedicated_cargo_b747f",
      "fuel_type": "jet_fuel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 890,
      "ttw_factor": 730,
      "wtt_factor": 160,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "Boeing 747-8F specific",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §8.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "air",
      "vehicle_class": "air_freighter_fleet_average",
      "fuel_type": "jet_fuel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 789,
      "ttw_factor": 650,
      "wtt_factor": 139,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "Dedicated freighter fleet-average mixed haul",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §8.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "air",
      "vehicle_class": "air_freighter_long_haul",
      "fuel_type": "jet_fuel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 880,
      "ttw_factor": 720,
      "wtt_factor": 160,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": ">4000 km",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §8.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "air",
      "vehicle_class": "air_freighter_medium_haul",
      "fuel_type": "jet_fuel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 850,
      "ttw_factor": 700,
      "wtt_factor": 150,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "1500-4000 km",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §8.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "air",
      "vehicle_class": "air_freighter_short_haul",
      "fuel_type": "jet_fuel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 1100,
      "ttw_factor": 900,
      "wtt_factor": 200,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "<1500 km",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §8.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "rail",
      "vehicle_class": "rail_freight_diesel",
      "fuel_type": "diesel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 25,
      "ttw_factor": 22,
      "wtt_factor": 3,
      "empty_share_default": 0.15,
      "notes": "",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §7.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "rail",
      "vehicle_class": "rail_freight_electric_eu_average",
      "fuel_type": "electric",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 18,
      "ttw_factor": 0,
      "wtt_factor": 18,
      "empty_share_default": 0.15,
      "notes": "EU grid mix",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §7.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "road",
      "vehicle_class": "heavy_truck_articulated",
      "fuel_type": "diesel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 62,
      "ttw_factor": 52,
      "wtt_factor": 10,
      "empty_share_default": 0.25,
      "notes": "Long-haul motorway",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §5.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "road",
      "vehicle_class": "heavy_truck_articulated_short_haul",
      "fuel_type": "diesel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 75,
      "ttw_factor": 63,
      "wtt_factor": 12,
      "empty_share_default": 0.3,
      "notes": "Short-haul <150km",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §5.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "road",
      "vehicle_class": "light_truck",
      "fuel_type": "diesel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 250,
      "ttw_factor": 210,
      "wtt_factor": 40,
      "empty_share_default": 0.35,
      "notes": "",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §5.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "road",
      "vehicle_class": "medium_truck",
      "fuel_type": "diesel",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 110,
      "ttw_factor": 92,
      "wtt_factor": 18,
      "empty_share_default": 0.3,
      "notes": "",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §5.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "road",
      "vehicle_class": "van_electric",
      "fuel_type": "electric",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 80,
      "ttw_factor": 0,
      "wtt_factor": 80,
      "empty_share_default": 0.35,
      "notes": "Includes upstream grid electricity (EU mix)",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §5.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "bulk_carrier_capesize",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 3.5,
      "ttw_factor": 2.8,
      "wtt_factor": 0.7,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": ">80000 dwt",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.2"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "bulk_carrier_handysize",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 6,
      "ttw_factor": 4.8,
      "wtt_factor": 1.2,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "10000-35000 dwt",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.2"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "bulk_carrier_panamax",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 4.5,
      "ttw_factor": 3.6,
      "wtt_factor": 0.9,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "60000-80000 dwt",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.2"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "bulk_carrier_supramax",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 5.5,
      "ttw_factor": 4.4,
      "wtt_factor": 1.1,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "35000-60000 dwt",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.2"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "container_ship_feeder",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 12,
      "ttw_factor": 9.6,
      "wtt_factor": 2.4,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "<3000 TEU",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "container_ship_neo_panamax",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 4,
      "ttw_factor": 3.2,
      "wtt_factor": 0.8,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "12000-15000 TEU",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "container_ship_panamax",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 7.5,
      "ttw_factor": 6,
      "wtt_factor": 1.5,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "5100-8000 TEU",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "container_ship_post_panamax",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 5.5,
      "ttw_factor": 4.4,
      "wtt_factor": 1.1,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "8000-12000 TEU",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "container_ship_sub_panamax",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 9.1,
      "ttw_factor": 7.3,
      "wtt_factor": 1.8,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "3000-5100 TEU",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "container_ship_ulcv",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 3,
      "ttw_factor": 2.4,
      "wtt_factor": 0.6,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": ">15000 TEU",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.1"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "tanker_aframax",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 5,
      "ttw_factor": 4,
      "wtt_factor": 1,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "80000-120000 dwt",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.3"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "tanker_suezmax",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 4.2,
      "ttw_factor": 3.4,
      "wtt_factor": 0.8,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "120000-200000 dwt",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.3"
    },
    {
      "mode": "sea",
      "vehicle_class": "tanker_vlcc",
      "fuel_type": "HFO",
      "activity_unit": "tonne-km",
      "wtw_factor_g_co2e_per_unit": 3,
      "ttw_factor": 2.4,
      "wtt_factor": 0.6,
      "empty_share_default": 0,
      "notes": "200000-320000 dwt",
      "source_section": "GLEC v3.2 §6.3"
    }
  ]
}